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（中国这十年·见微）从“海外购”到“海南购”：离岛免税以开放契合消费升级******

　　中新社海口10月13日电题：从“海外购”到“海南购”：离岛免税以开放契合消费升级

　　中新社记者王晓斌王子谦

　　刚刚过去的国庆假期，今年反复受到疫情冲击的海南离岛免税市场呈现回暖势头，假期日均销售额超1.5亿元(人民币，下同)。三亚国际免税城逐渐恢复热闹景象，一些热门品牌的门店前重现游客排队现象。

　　海南离岛免税购物政策自2011年4月起实施。海南首家离岛免税店——中免三亚国际免税城(前身为三亚市内免税店)已营业11年，是目前中国免税市场品牌最多、最全的免税店，成为海南游必到的打卡景点。

　　“最开始我是被培训的‘小白’，现在很多年轻同事都是我带出来的。”海南三亚国际免税城香化区商品琳琅满目，销售主管林青正手把手带教新入职同事。

　　“当年抱着试试看的心态去应聘免税店售货员，正式上岗才知道是卖奢侈品。”林青在2009年入职时，免税店销售的是离境免税商品，“那时候接触最多的是国外顾客，国内顾客进店逛，但不能买。”

　　“2011年4月20日，海南离岛免税政策实施，我们一下子忙起来。”林青说，没想到会有那么多客人光顾，以至于店里人手没法马上补齐。

　　从那时起，海南免税市场开放度越来越高，规模迅速壮大。十多年间，离岛免税购物政策历经多次调整，免税限额从5000元到10万元，商品品类从18类增至45大类。2021年，海南离岛免税店年销售额突破600亿元。

　　“政策调整的方向是越来越开放。”林青说，这些年来每一个政策节点，每一次参与新店开业、新品牌入驻，她都记忆犹新，每一次开放都意味着更多样的营销策略。

　　林青所见证的不仅是免税市场变化，背后是中国开放度提升，经济发展带来消费升级。

　　林青注意到，最初很多顾客买中低端品牌或高端品牌的基础产品，现在越来越多顾客购买更高端品牌。消费人群也不只有中产阶层，很多“95后”“00后”普遍愿意为自己花钱。

　　2020年，海南自贸港建设大幕拉开，定位国际旅游消费中心。为推动中国消费者从“海外购物”转到“海南购物”，多层次免税购物体系加快构建，海南免税市场进入多主体竞争时代，共有5家经营主体开设10家免税店。

　　在海口市中心日月广场东区，海控全球精品免税城在国庆假期销售火热。这家2021年初开业的免税店举办假期促销主题活动，吸引了大批消费者。

　　海控全球消费精品(海南)贸易有限公司总裁林月文带领团队策划这些活动，他在市场竞争中思考如何做到“人无我有，人有我优”。

　　因看好海南离岛免税的发展前景，已有30年旅游零售和免税行业从业经验的新加坡人林月文于去年6月投身海南。

　　入职以来林月文忙着项目扩容、品牌入驻以及市场促销，新扩容的免税城二期引入数百个国际一线品牌，多个品牌在岛内免税市场独有。

　　林月文说，经过十多年发展，海南离岛免税市场正在从单纯追求销量，转变为销量与服务并重。从业者不仅要把市场蛋糕做大，还要带给消费者更好的购物体验。

　　“虽然疫情影响短期销售，但海南离岛免税市场还有巨大的增长空间。”林月文说，他正在筹备免税城三期重奢品牌店的招商工作，计划年内开业，“未来很长一段时间，我都将在海南奋斗”。(完)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.